{"id":1661,"date":"2026-07-30T09:12:56","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T07:12:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jacquetduval-avocat.fr\/?p=1661"},"modified":"2026-07-30T09:13:41","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T07:13:41","slug":"droit-a-la-preuve-et-rgpd-la-chambre-commerciale-de-la-cour-de-cassation-controle-la-proportionnalite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jacquetduval-avocat.fr\/en\/droit-a-la-preuve-et-rgpd-la-chambre-commerciale-de-la-cour-de-cassation-controle-la-proportionnalite\/","title":{"rendered":"Right to evidence and GDPR: the commercial chamber of the Court of Cassation controls proportionality"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2696\ufe0f <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/juri\/id\/JURITEXT000054293636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 17 juin 2026, n\u00b0 25-11.499<\/a> : la Chambre commerciale confirme l&rsquo;admissibilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;une preuve obtenue en violation du RGPD<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La Chambre commerciale de la Cour de cassation valide, dans une affaire mettant en jeu le RGPD, l&rsquo;admissibilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un rapport d&rsquo;expertise dont la production reposait sur un traitement de donn\u00e9es personnelles potentiellement irr\u00e9gulier. L&rsquo;arr\u00eat s&rsquo;inscrit dans le prolongement direct de la jurisprudence de l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e pl\u00e9ni\u00e8re et illustre la g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisation du contr\u00f4le de proportionnalit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udcdc <strong>Le principe : La mise en balance du droit \u00e0 la preuve avec les autres droits fondamentaux<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Depuis les deux arr\u00eats fondateurs de l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e pl\u00e9ni\u00e8re du 22 d\u00e9cembre 2023 (n\u00b0 20-20.648 et 21-11.330), la Cour de cassation juge que \u00ab l&rsquo;illic\u00e9it\u00e9 ou la d\u00e9loyaut\u00e9 dans l&rsquo;obtention ou la production d&rsquo;un moyen de preuve ne conduit pas n\u00e9cessairement \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9carter des d\u00e9bats \u00bb. Ce revirement rompt avec la jurisprudence ant\u00e9rieure de l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e pl\u00e9ni\u00e8re du 7 janvier 2011 (n\u00b0 09-14.316), qui excluait par principe toute preuve recueillie \u00e0 l&rsquo;insu d&rsquo;une personne ou par man\u0153uvre. La Cour aligne ainsi le r\u00e9gime civil sur celui d\u00e9j\u00e0 retenu en mati\u00e8re p\u00e9nale par la Chambre criminelle et sur les exigences de la Cour Europ\u00e9enne des Droits de l\u2019Homme, notamment l&rsquo;arr\u00eat LL c\/ France (10 oct. 2006, n\u00b0 7508\/02), rendu sur le fondement de l&rsquo;article 6, \u00a7 1 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l\u2019homme, qui avait, \u00e0 l\u2019inverse, conclu, au sujet de la production d\u2019une pi\u00e8ce m\u00e9dicale, surabondante au d\u00e9bat au regard des autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments de preuve, que l\u2019ing\u00e9rence subie par le requ\u00e9rant dans sa vie priv\u00e9e n\u2019\u00e9tait pas justifi\u00e9e au vu du r\u00f4le fondamental jou\u00e9 par la protection des donn\u00e9es \u00e0 caract\u00e8re personnel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u27a1\ufe0f Le juge doit mettre en balance le droit \u00e0 la preuve, fond\u00e9 sur l&rsquo;article 6, \u00a7 1 de la CEDH et l&rsquo;article 9 du Code de proc\u00e9dure civile, avec les droits antinomiques en pr\u00e9sence&nbsp;::<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2705 la production de la pi\u00e8ce doit \u00eatre indispensable \u00e0 l&rsquo;exercice du droit \u00e0 la preuve<br>\u2705 l&rsquo;atteinte port\u00e9e aux droits concurrents doit \u00eatre strictement proportionn\u00e9e au but poursuivi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Un standard qui irrigue tous les droits fondamentaux, pas seulement la vie priv\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce contr\u00f4le de proportionnalit\u00e9, qui irrigue la jurisprudence de la Cour de cassation depuis 2013, ne se limite ni au droit \u00e0 la preuve, ni \u00e0 la seule protection de la vie priv\u00e9e. L&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e pl\u00e9ni\u00e8re vise express\u00e9ment \u00ab les droits antinomiques en pr\u00e9sence \u00bb, formule volontairement ouverte que la Cour de cassation a depuis appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 des droits fondamentaux h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8nes, et notamment :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd10 droit au respect de la vie priv\u00e9e (vid\u00e9osurveillance)<br>\ud83d\udce7 secret des correspondances et confidentialit\u00e9 des affaires<br>\u270a libert\u00e9 syndicale, express\u00e9ment vis\u00e9e dans l&rsquo;arr\u00eat du 17 juin 2026 aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la confidentialit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong>L&rsquo;apport sp\u00e9cifique de l&rsquo;arr\u00eat du 17 juin 2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans cette affaire relative \u00e0 un contentieux \u00e9lectoral, l&rsquo;\u00e9lection de l&rsquo;administrateur salari\u00e9 actionnaire d&rsquo;Orange, la Cour refuse de se prononcer sur l&rsquo;applicabilit\u00e9 et le respect de l&rsquo;obligation d&rsquo;information de l&rsquo;article 14 du RGPD, relative \u00e0 un rapport d\u2019EY sur le bon d\u00e9roulement de l\u2019\u00e9lection fond\u00e9 sur des donn\u00e9es \u00e0 caract\u00e8re personnel : m\u00eame \u00e0 supposer le traitement irr\u00e9gulier, cela demeure indiff\u00e9rent d\u00e8s lors que le rapport litigieux \u00e9tait indispensable \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense d&rsquo;Orange et que les mesures de minimisation, de pseudonymisation et de destruction des donn\u00e9es rendaient l&rsquo;atteinte \u00e0 la confidentialit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es et \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 syndicale strictement proportionn\u00e9e au but poursuivi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">#DroitDesAffaires #RGPD #DroitALaPreuve<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2696\ufe0f Cass. com., 17 juin 2026, n\u00b0 25-11.499 : la Chambre commerciale confirme l&rsquo;admissibilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;une preuve obtenue en violation du [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1583,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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